Thursday, September 3, 2020
Antimicrobial Activity of Pyrimidine-5-carboxylic Acid
Antimicrobial Activity of Pyrimidine-5-carboxylic Acid Antimicrobial movement of blended, novel hydroxamic corrosive of pyrimidine-5-carboxylic corrosive and its buildings with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) metal particles Bhawani Shankar, Rashmi Tomar, Madhu Godhara, Vijay Kumar Sharma Unique Four metal edifices of new hydroxamic corrosive, 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-di-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic corrosive hydroxamide (3) with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) metal particles have been integrated. The hydroxamic corrosive and its metal edifices were portrayed by straightforward systematic strategies, for example, continued softening point (M.P.) assurance, basic investigation, running their slight layer chromatography for single spot, and spectroscopic methods, for example, I.R., H1-NMR and UV-Vis. (just for metal chelates) spectroscopy. Antimicrobial movement of the hydroxamic corrosive and their metal edifices were screened against two types of microscopic organisms and two types of parasites by Serial Dilution Method. Metal edifices were discovered increasingly dynamic against the two microscopic organisms just as parasites in antimicrobial screening test. Catchphrases Hydroxamic acids, antimicrobial action, metal edifices Presentation Hydroxamic acids show a wide range of organic exercises and for the most part have low poison levels à ¯Ã¢ †º1㠯â â -à ¯Ã¢ †º2㠯â â . Hydroxamic acids are very notable for their antibacterial à ¯Ã¢ †º3㠯â â -à ¯Ã¢ †º5㠯â â , antifungal à ¯Ã¢ †º6㠯â â -à ¯Ã¢ †º7㠯â â , antitumor à ¯Ã¢ †º8㠯â â -à ¯Ã¢ †º9㠯â â , anticancer à ¯Ã¢ †º10㠯â â , antituberculosis à ¯Ã¢ †º11㠯â â and antimalerial à ¯Ã¢ †º12㠯â â properties. Hydroxamic acids are inhibitors of catalysts, for example, prostaglandin H2 synthatase à ¯Ã¢ †º13㠯â â , peroxidase à ¯Ã¢ †º14㠯â â , urease à ¯Ã¢ †º15㠯â â and framework metalloproteinase à ¯Ã¢ †º16㠯â â . Cinnamohydroxamic acids are utilized for treatment of the side effects of asthma and other obstructive aviation route maladies which restrain 5-lipoxygenase à ¯Ã¢ †º17 㠯â â . Various hydroxamic corrosive analogs have been appeared to hinder DNA (dinucleic corrosive) combination by inactivating the protein ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) à ¯Ã¢ †º18㠯â â . Normally occurringhydroxamic corrosive, 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) is a powerfulantibiotic present inmaize à ¯Ã¢ †º19㠯â â . Antiradical and cancer prevention agent properties of hydroxamic acids have additionally been watched à ¯Ã¢ †º20㠯â â . Hydroxamic acids assume significant job in numerous substance, biochemical, pharmaceutical, scientific, and mechanical fields à ¯Ã¢ †º21㠯â â -à ¯Ã¢ †º25㠯â â . These different natural exercises of hydroxamic acids are because of their complexing properties towards progress metal particles à ¯Ã¢ †º26㠯â â -à ¯Ã¢ †º27㠯â â . Siderophores are Fe(III) edifices of normally happening hydroxamic acids, associated with the procedures of iron vehicle from nature to the living beings à ¯Ã¢ †º28㠯â â -à ¯Ã¢ †º29㠯â â . Hydroxamic acids after deprotonation goes about as bidentate ligands and octahedral buildings are framed through the co-appointment of two oxygen molecule of the â€CONHO-gathering. This sort of co-appointment have been concentrated with Cr(III), Fe(III), Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) particles in strong state just as in arrangements, demonstrating the development of octahedral edifices à ¯Ã¢ †º30㠯â â . We report in this the combination, auxiliary highlights and antimicrobial movement of new hydroxamic corrosive, 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-di-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic corrosive hydroxamide (3) just as their metal buildings 4a-d with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) metal salts. Trial Reagents and techniques All compound utilized in the current examination were of explanatory reagent grade. 1,3-Di-p-tolylbarbituric corrosive was combined by recently known strategy in the research facility. Copper acetic acid derivation monohydrate, nickle acetic acid derivation tetrahydrate, cobalt acetic acid derivation tetrahydrate and zinc acetic acid derivation dihydrate were bought from E-Merck. Triethyl amine and ethyl chloroformate were bought from Spectrochem. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride potassium hydroxide and diethyl ether were acquired from S.D. fine synthetic compounds restricted, India. All the blended mixes were broke down for C, H and N by essential analyser, model 1108 (EL-III). H1-NMR spectra (400MHz) were recorded on JNM ECX-400P (Jeol, USA) spectrometer utilizing TMS as an inner norm. IR ingestion spectra were recorded in the 400-4000 cm-1 territory on a Perkin-Elmer FT-IR spectrometer model 2000 utilizing KBr beds. UV-Vis. spectra of metal buildings were recorded in DMSO dissolvable a t room temperature on Simadzu Spectro Photometer model no. 1601. Softening focuses were resolved utilizing Buchi M-560 and are uncorrected. These responses were checked by flimsy layer chromatography (TLC), on aluminum plates covered with silica gel 60 F254 (Merck). UV radiation and iodine were utilized as the imagining specialists. Combination of the hydroxamic corrosive 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-di-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic corrosive hydroxamide (3) Combination of ligand 3 was done in two stages as follows: Stage 1: Synthesis of ethyl 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-di-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (2). Ethyl 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-di-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (2) was orchestrated by the detailed strategy for Kuhne et al à ¯Ã¢ †º31㠯â â . 1,3-Di-p-tolylbarbituric corrosive à ¯Ã¢ †º5g, 0.016 mol.㠯â â and triethyl amine à ¯Ã¢ †º2.30ml, 0.0168 mol.㠯â â and dimethyl aminopyridine (DMAP) à ¯Ã¢ †º0.10g㠯â â were broken up in 20 ml of dichloromethane (DCM) and the arrangement was cooled to 00 C. At that point ethyl chloroformate à ¯Ã¢ †º1.60ml, 0.0165 mol.㠯â â was included drop-wise over thirty minutes. The blend was consequently mixed for 12 hours at 00C, at that point, permitted to warm to the room temperature for 7 hours. The item is removed in chloroform and dried over Na2SO4. Further, chloroform was vanished to dryness and unrefined item was recrystallised from ethyl liquor to yield unadulterated 2. Stage 2: 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-di-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic corrosive hydroxamide (3) from ethyl 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-di-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (2). Union of 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-di-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic corrosive hydroxamide (3) was done by receiving a technique like that depicted by Griffith et al à ¯Ã¢ †º32㠯â â . The blend of hydroxylamine hydrochloride à ¯Ã¢ †º1.87g, 0.026 mol. à ¯Ã¢ â and watery potassium hydroxide à ¯Ã¢ †º2.19g, 0.039 mol. à ¯Ã¢ â was added drop-wise to a methanolic arrangement of ethyl 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-di-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (2) à ¯Ã¢ †º5g, 0.013 mol. à ¯Ã¢ â . The arrangement was mixed at room temperature for 72 hours and afterward fermented to pH 5.5 utilizing 5% HCl arrangement. After filtration the dissolvable was expelled in vacuo to yield a strong. The rough item was recrystallised from boiling water to yield unadulterated compound 3. Union of metal edifices Union of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) edifices of 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-di-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic corrosive hydroxamide (3). Copper acetic acid derivation monohydrate à ¯Ã¢ †º0.136g, 0.00068 mol.㠯â â in cool water was added with blending to 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-di-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic corrosive hydroxamide (3) à ¯Ã¢ †º0.50 g, 0.00136 mol.㠯â â in EtOH (20 ml) in a round base carafe. The substance were mixed for around 6 hours and afterward diminish to half volume under vacuo. Yellowish earthy colored encourage of 4a was showed up in the wake of including oil ether. The hasten was sifted, washed with limited quantities of Et2O and dried over CaCl2 in a vacuum desiccator. Additionally, buildings 4b of Ni(II) , 4c of Co(II) and 4d of Zn(II) with 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-di-p-tolyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic corrosive hydroxamide (3) were orchestrated by taking nickle acetic acid derivation tetrahydrate, cobalt acetic acid derivation tetrahydrate and zinc acetic acid derivation dihydrate separately. Infrared Spectra In the IR spectra (Table 1), carbonyl extending vibrations of hydoxamic corrosive show a medium sharp force band in the area 1660 cm-1 à ¯Ã¢ †º33㠯â â . This band has moved towards negative district 1626-1609 cm-1 in the metal buildings showing the coordination of the ligand with the metal particle through oxygen of the carbonyl gathering. The symmetric N-O extending vibrations, acquired in the district 1120 cm-1 in the IR spectra of ligands, have moved to bring down side in the IR spectra of their metal buildings proposing the coordination of ligand to the metal particle through oxygen of the N-O moiety à ¯Ã¢ †º34㠯â â . The nearness of water particles inside coordination circle of all chelates were bolstered by expansive groups in the locale 3450-3280 cm-1 and 850-800 cm-1 because of extending and twisting methods of facilitated water atoms, separately. The presence of new band in the IR spectra of metal chelates in the area 551-519 cm-1 is likely because of development of M-O bonds à ¯Ã¢ †º35㠯â â . Table 1. IR ghostly information of hydroxamic corrosive 3 and its metal buildings 4a-d. Compound à ¯Ã‚  ®(C=O)cm-1 à ¯Ã‚  ®(C-N) cm-1 à ¯Ã‚  ®(N-O) cm-1 à ¯Ã‚  ®(M-O) cm-1 3 1660 1349 1120 4a 1609 1327 1036 551 4b 1624 1355 1023 519 4c 1626 1384 1023 540 4d 1629 1350 1025 541 H1-NMR Spectra The hydroxamic corrosive 3 shows a one proton singlet at 1.14 due to â€NH-O proton, presumably because of attractive aniso
Tuesday, August 25, 2020
The First World War (WWI) :: World War 1 I One
The war that would obliterate European culture had been seeking quite a while. The nineteenth century had been a period of extraordinary progress,and of unrest and strife too. New countries had been made. The perceived leverage that existed in 1815, toward the finish of the period of Napoleon, was upset. Adding to the threat was an incorrect conviction that all is well with the world. Neighborhood wars had erupted in the nineteenth century, yet a significant war was viewed as far-fetched. Glancing back at 1914 today, in any case, we can see that every one of the significant nations of Europe had interests that would bring it into strife with in any event one of the other extraordinary forces. On June 28, 1914, Gacrilo Princip, a nineteen-year-old Serbian progressive, discharged two guns shots. One slaughtered Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the nephew of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary and beneficiary to the Austrian seat. The other murdered Sophie, his wife.Austria-Hungary considered Serbia mindful. On July 5 Austria requested and recieved from Germany a "blank check" of help for any move Austria-Hungary may make against Serbia.On July 23 Austria sent a progression of requests to the Serbians. The requests were intended to embarrass and for all intents and purposes devastate the Serbian country. All things considered, Serbia consented to most however not the entirety of the demands.Austria responded on July 28 by announcing war on Serbia. The Russians arranged to shield Serbia. On July 31 the Germans sent an admonition to Russia to quit activating its military for war. the Russians disregarded the admonition, and Germany pronounced war on Russia on Au gust 1. France went to the guide of its Russian partner by announcing war on Germany. The British wavered, yet when the Germans walked into Belgium, they announced war on Germany on Aug 4.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
What Are Really The Reasons Behind Why People Want Children Essays
What are actually the explanations for why individuals need kids? For what reason do individuals need kids? This inquiry may appear to be somewhat paltry, yet when you take into influence the a great many individuals that have kids every day the inquiry rapidly takes on another light. This isn't simply just an individual inquiry that influences just a couple of people, it is a lot bigger than that since it influences and directs the entire human populace. This issue unmistakably turns out to be increasingly significant when this is considered. The topic of why individuals need kids is all around exemplified in Bernard R. Berelson's article The Value Of Children: A Taxonomical Essay. Berelson looks at all the significant reasons that individuals would need to have youngsters individually. Berelson opens with the principal reason of natural. He poses inquiries like, do individuals inherently need kids for some implicit explanation of physiology? Is there anything to maternal sense, or parental impulse? Or on the other hand is science happy with the sex intuition as the best approach to guarantee continuity(220)? Berelson attempts to respond to these inquiries by contrasting infants with grown-ups and furthermore the response that grown-ups need to babies. Berelson states the way that children appear to be totally unique from grown-ups. They have huge heads, huge brows, eyes nearly in the focal point of their head in view of their enormous temple, and they are exceptionally fat contrasted with grown-ups. This is the reason Berelson accepts that this childlikeness triggers something within man that makes him need to secure and think about the infant. At the point when social customs direct the quantity of kids a family has this can be viewed as the social impact of having kids. In many societies even the quantity of kids one has is controlled by the general public. These social normalities can decide if a family has a modest quantity to an exceptionally enormous sum. Having kids so as to pick up power is the political side to having youngsters. Berelson expresses all the political reasons very well when he says, There are political units for whom aggregate childbearing is or has been unequivocally energized as a segment obligation nations worried about national brilliance or serious political position; governments worried about the gracefully of laborers and warriors; holy places worried about proliferation of the confidence or their relative quality; ethnic minorities worried about their political force; phonetic networks vieing for position; families and clans worried over their relative status inside a bigger setting(221). Thi s explanation that Berelson makes unmistakably stresses all the political purposes behind having youngsters. Obviously, how might one overlook that there are financial purposes behind having or not having kids? Regardless of whether you have kids or don't clearly they are unquestionably an extremely money related choice. In social orders like our own, as Berelson calls attention to, having youngsters is an exorbitant undertaking. Berelson talks reality with regards to what guardians are truly thinking before having a kid when he says, before origination: another youngster or an excursion to Europe; a birth conceded for another vehicle, the nth kid requiring more use on training or housing(222). These musings go through pretty much all point of view guardians before the choice is made to have youngsters. There is acceptable side to the financial purpose behind poor people. The poor can utilize their kids to work, chase, assist take with minding of the home and other kids, in certain social orders in the event that one is a female she can get a share for an organized marriage, lastly for help when the guardians become more established and need it. In spite of the fact that as Berelson states, the two social orders and families will in general pick way of life over number of kids whenever the open door presents itself(222). There is consistently the explanation of family or as Berelson puts it Familial. The reasons of familial are to broaden a family name, to attempt to satisfy the predecessors, and to empower appropriate strict services for certain societies. The family bond can likewise be utilized to help or hold a marriage together. A family gives one a conviction that all is good, the youngster as well as the guardians. Berelson makes an occasionally not exactly evident articulation when he says, Kids need family, yet the family appears to be additionally to require children(223). The last subject that Berelson goes into
Basic Concepts of Sociology free essay sample
Society The term society is generally major to human science. It is gotten from the Latin word socius which implies friendship or kinship. Friendship implies amiability. As indicated by George Simmel it is this component of amiability which characterizes the genuine pith of society. It shows that man consistently lives in the organization of others. Man is a social creature said Aristotle hundreds of years prior. Man needs society for his living, working and getting a charge out of life. Society h as become a fundamental condition for human life to proceed. We can characterize society as a gathering of individuals who share a typical culture, involve a specific regional territory and feel themselves to establish a brought together and particular element. It is the common bury activities and interrelations of people and gatherings. Meanings of Society 1. August Comte the dad of human science considered society to be a social living being having a concordance of structure and capacity. 2. Emile Durkheim the establishing father of the cutting edge human science regarded society as a reality in its own right. We will compose a custom article test on Fundamental Concepts of Sociology or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 3. Talcott Parsons-Society is an all out complex of human connections to the extent that they develop out of the activity as far as means-cut off association inborn or emblematic. 4. G. H Mead a trade of motions which includes the utilization of images. 5. Morris Ginsberg an assortment of people joined by specific relations or method of conduct which mark them off from other people who don't go into these relations or who contrast from them in conduct. 6. Cole the complex of sorted out affiliations and organizations with a network. 7. Maclver and Page-society is an arrangement of utilizations and techniques of power and common guide of numerous groupings and divisions, of controls of human conduct and freedoms. This consistently changing complex framework which is called society is a trap of social relationship Types of Societies Writers have arranged social orders into different classes Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft of Tonnies, mechanical and natural solidarities of Durkheim, status and agreement of Maine, and activist and modern social orders of Spencer. Every one of these scholars have extensively separated society into pre-mechanical and post-modern social orders. Sociologists like Comte put together their arrangement of social orders with respect to scholarly turn of events. The greater part of them yield the transformative idea of society-one sort prompting the other. One all the more method of partitioning social orders is that of Marx. His class ification of society depends on the institutional system of society as controlled by a gathering of individuals who control the methods for creation. Marx recognizes five chief kinds of social orders: crude, Asiatic, old, primitive and entrepreneur. Following these groupings, sociologists frequently allude to social orders as crude or present day nonliterate or proficient. A later sort of arrangement which is additionally utilized while recognizing social orders into types is the one among open and shut social orders. A shut society is the one which is a conventional and basic culture or an extremist State will in general oppose change, while an open society concedes change. None of these groupings is precise; for each significant sort have number of sub-types. Family The family frames the essential unit of soc ial association and it is hard to envision how human culture could work without it. The family has been viewed as a widespread social establishment an inescapable piece of human culture.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Reflective writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3
Intelligent composition - Essay Example It is in this way SOSE is turning into a basic piece of practically all instructive foundations to raise the new age inside a socially different society. The basic role of the Studies of Society and Environment learning zone is to assist youthful with peopling build up the capacity to settle on contemplated and educated choices for the open great as residents of a socially differing, popularity based society in a related world. (discover.tased.edu.au/sose/whatintr.htm, Sep 8, 2004) Tasmania is a significant Australian state containing amalgamation of numerous ethnic gatherings and societies. It is evaluated that Tasmania was joined to the principle land about 10,000 years prior. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia) The appearance of European countries in the state, in seventeenth Century, presented cultural assimilation between the Europeans and the nearby Aborigines driving towards changes in conventions, language, living style, religions and political and financial conditions transforming Tasmania into a broadened district. In addition, forgiveness in migration strategies and agreeable wellsprings of going in present day times of globalization has brought remote regions and societies closer to each other. However, all the ethnic gatherings, including Aborigines and others, submit to law while connecting with others, yet contrasts in social qualities existing in condition makes troubles. Remembering the socio-social circumstance, educationalists laid worry in giving kids such picking up during their underlying school years that may help them in making changes as indicated by their enhanced social and social set up. Numerous teachers have supported models, for example, SOSE on the grounds that they don't accept that all the understudies are fit to, or keen on optional examinations. (The Australian, 2007:11) Thus, it was concluded that an all around arranged, exhaustive and thorough instruction probably been given
Tuesday, August 4, 2020
How a Clean-Desk Policy Drives Productivity and Creativity
How a Clean-Desk Policy Drives Productivity and Creativity CLEAN-DESK POLICY IN A NUTSHELLBefore we start exploring the benefits of a clean-desk policy, it’s a good idea to remind ourselves what the policy is all about.A clean-desk policy (CDP) refers to a set of corporate rules determining how employees should leave their working space after the workday is over. The policy requirements generally call for the employee to clear the desk and surrounding area at the end of the day from clutter and papers.This can mean shredding unwanted documents or filing them away from view, placing folders back on the cabinets and organizing any incoming and outgoing letters to appropriate piles.While a clean-desk policy is often used for creating a tidier workspace and a visually more pleasing view, CDPs are increasingly connected to data security as well. By ensuring all files are placed in folders and sensitive information is not in view, organizations can control the people who see the information and make it harder for it to be stolen. Modern CDPs are often motivated by specific security compliance regulations, such as the Data Protection Act in the UK.Although the policy and its implementation are specific to the organization, certain common elements can be found in a CDP. The three core elements are:Instructions on how the desk and its surrounding area should be left.Outlined information on who enforces the policy and who checks the policy is being adhered to.Guidance on the punishment, which generally ranges from a fine to a warning.When an organization decides to implement the policy, it creates a contract with clear instructions regarding the above points. Each employee then signs the contract. This ensures accountability and guarantees everyone understands the policy.I found this new office design and desk setup of Justin Tse very neat and beautiful. You can find CDP templates online. For instance, check out the below document template, which can be downloaded from the Privacy Sense website.It’s important to note that wh ile the majority of the responsibility falls on the shoulders of the employee, the employer has to ensure it makes implementation easy. This could range from guaranteeing access to a shredder and providing adequate storage space for the employees.Clean-desk policies come with a range of benefits and in this guide, we’ll be carefully examining its impact on productivity and creativity. But the policy can also benefit an organization through reductions in costs, enhanced security and compliance. It also helps the office to become a paperless office, which can benefit the green credentials of the organization.BENEFITS TO PRODUCTIVITY AND CREATIVITYDoes a clean-desk policy improve productivity and creativity in an organization? If so, how can it do this?#1 Boost to productivityThe benefits to productivity are often cited as the major factor behind the implementation of a clean-desk policy. A good CDP can support employee productivity in a number of different ways.Digitalization of the workplaceFirst, as mentioned above, clean-desk policies can push the organization towards greater digitalization and a paperless office environment. This can benefit employee productivity because it improves efficiency.When data is stored digitally, it means it’s properly indexed in terms of keywords and content. When the employee needs to find information relating to a specific topic, it’s much easier to just use appropriate keywords and find all relevant documents at once. You can generally access vast amounts of information within a few seconds and you don’t need to leave the desk.On the other hand, if you have everything stored in a paper format, the search process itself becomes a task. The files might be stored elsewhere, which means the employee has to leave the desk and walk to the storage room. Indexing documents is another laborious and difficult thing, meaning the employee will likely waste much more of their time finding exactly what they need.Depending on the fil es and the organizations security policies, digitalized data can be accessed outside of the office as well. In these instances, allowing the employee to occasionally work from home might further enhance productivity. On the other hand, having employees take paper files home can breach security rules.While digitalization of data and paperless office are not requirements of a CDP, they are generally tied closely to the policy implementation and therefore, the benefits are shared.See how clean the working environment is at Buffer.[slideshare id=40941030doc=workspacesofbuffer2-141030175954-conversion-gate01w=710h=400]Communal workspacesAnother consequence of a CDP is the creation of “hot-deskingâ€. This is the practice of having no designated workspaces or desks, but instead employees use communal computers and desks. It’s a popular policy, which is thought to reduce company’s costs by around 30%.Hot-desking can boost productivity, because it makes completing work easier. Instead of having to wait until you get to your workplace, you can finish a specific task from anywhere in the office whenever you have an idea.It can also decrease procrastination, as you will take the specific desk when you have work to do, not wanting to sit there doing nothing. It can be more motivational, as other employees hard at work surround you and provide you with that extra boost.Reduced stress and time wastingFinally, a clean-desk police can boost productivity by reducing stress and time wasting. Research has indicated a correlation between productivity and clutter. By reducing clutter with the DCP, you can drive up productivity.First, clutter can increase stress levels. If you constantly have to look for items, you can become more stressed. If those important papers are evading you, then your heart rate can increase. This in turn has been shown to reduce your concentration and it can further damage your ability to think clearly.The National Association of Professional Organis ations found executives to lose one hour of productivity a day due to missing information. If you consider that people across the organization suffer from similar issues, the loss in productivity can have damaging consequences for the organization.Furthermore, clutter increases time wasting, which naturally decreases productivity. In the study by the National Association of Professional Organisations, the researchers found that an average employee wastes 4.3 hours every week looking for items. When the desk is full of papers and files, finding the right document becomes that much harder.The time wasting can mean you aren’t able to perform tasks on time and instead of serving customers, you are just ploughing through paperwork. The drop in your ability to perform your work correctly and efficiently can be detrimental for the company’s sales figures or profits in general.#2 Boost to creativityA clean-desk policy can also enhance your creativity levels in a number of ways.Increase collaborationAs mentioned above, a CDP often comes together with hot-desking. When employees are hot-desking, they also tend to collaborate more. This is down to not having assigned workspaces and thus you won’t be drawn to just stay at your desk all day long. Instead, you are likely to walk around more and communicate with different people.See why open innovation and collaboration are so important for businesses today. Improved focus on the taskStudies have shown how solving difficult tasks gets easier when you have a clean-desk in front of you. This is driven by the fact that you are better able to concentrate on the issue at hand when the surroundings aren’t cluttered.A cluttered desk can also make the mind seem “more cluttered†and thus make problem solving difficult. If you are sitting at a desk, which is cluttered, your mind will find it harder to focus on a single issue, as you are visually bombarded with different cues. When you have a clean desk, your mind is cleare r and more focused on solving the task in front of you.In one particular study, researchers asked participants to solve a puzzle in a cluttered and a clean environment. The people solving it in a cleaner environment were able to get the job done quicker. For the scientist this indicated that the messy environment “threatened participants’ sense of personal controlâ€. The scientists went on to say, “Coping with that threat from the physical environment caused a depletion of their mental resources.â€More time for creativityYou can also boost creativity with a CDP because you are able to spend more time in thinking about creative solutions rather than finding the required documentation. As mentioned above, a cluttered table can mean you spend more of your time searching for the right files, instead of working.When you free up this time by having digitalized data storage and a clean-desk, you’ll be able to use the ‘extra’ time on being creative.COUNTER ARGUMENTS AGAINST A CLEAN-DESK POLICYBut not everyone is convinced about the benefits of implementing a clean-desk policy in terms of its impact on productivity and creativity. More specifically, research suggests a messy desk might provide certain advantages for creative behavior. The counter arguments on productivity, on the other hand, are less clear.Perhaps one of the most quoted sentences in favor of a messy desk came from Albert Einstein. Einstein said, “If a cluttered desk is a sign of a cluttered mind, of what, then, is an empty desk?â€Opponents of the CDP got some more fuel for their fire in a landmark study in 2013. According to the scientist, people who were sitting next to a cluttered, messy desk were more innovative and creative. The task the scientist set them involved a Ping-Pong ball and the participants were tested in a tidy environment and a messy environment, with the aim of coming up as many uses for the ball as possible.According to the study, a clean desk can drive people to be more conservative and safe in their approach. When you are surrounded by such a sterile and organized environment, you aren’t as imaginative and experimental â€" you stick to what you know.“Disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition, which can produce fresh insights,†Kathleen Vohs, psychological scientist and the author of the study, concluded.Furthermore, in another study, scientists found an association with messiness and creativeness in babies. Babies, who were able to make more mess, were also learning faster. The argument of the study was that the baby’s ability to test and see what happens (i.e. creating mess), helped them to make more sense of surroundingsA clean desk policy can therefore be less efficient in fostering creativity, as people are less likely to take risks in thinking or try new ideas.Whilst clean-desk policy doesn’t require hot-desking, the two are often implemented together. Furthermore, a CDP often limits the employee’s c apacity to personalize the workspace, as plants and photos are not considered necessary.But the loss of the personalized workspace has been critiqued by studies. A study by psychological scientists Gregory A Laurence, Yitzhak Fried and Linda H. Slowik found that the lack of privacy can cause more stress and this could distract the employee from the task.The researchers concluded “individuals may consciously or subconsciously take comfort from the items with which they surround themselves at work, and these items may help employees to maintain emotional energy in the face of the stresses that come from their workâ€.A CLEAR OR A MESSY DESK â€" WHICH IS BETTER?Nonetheless, while a messy desk might not be as detrimental as previously thought, especially in terms of innovation and creativity, it doesn’t mean you should go and mess up your table. The overall benefits of a clean desk can trump the small boost in innovation.The studies above have shown a messy desk can increase stress levels and have other detrimental consequences for an organization, including things such as data loss or theft. The boost in productivity from a clean-desk policy is unrivalled and it can benefit an employee’s ability to do tasks.In addition, a messy desk isn’t the only way you could boost creativity. Research has identified plenty of other ways innovation and imagination can be enhanced. These include:Colors have the ability to boost mood and improve creativity. You could use this knowledge when designing the office furniture and décor.The ability to collaborate with others can help make innovation easier. Communal workspaces are important and team-building activities across the organization can boost mood.The ability to ‘change the scene’ has been shown to improve creativity. If employees are able to spend time away outside of the office environment, they can be more creative. You should encourage lunch breaks outdoors, for example, and even consider flexible office hour s that allow employees to occasionally work from home or even a nearby coffee shop!The below clip by Entrepreneur is a great way to learn more about how different elements in an office can spark creativity. Furthermore, the rewards of a messy desk can depend highly on the employee’s personality. Functionalife website introduced Core Motivator groups, which can decide whether a messy desk would turn you into an Albert Einstein or not. According to the idea, Core Motivator groups divide people to:Task or people drivenReserved or outgoingIf you are task driven and outgoing, you are more likely to benefit from a messy desk. This is because the mess doesn’t affect your ability to focus on tasks, and your outgoing nature means you aren’t held back by the mess, but can move forward despite it.More importantly, the site suggests, “a messy desk won’t trigger creativeness, a messy desk is a byproduct of someone who could be considered creativeâ€.Therefore, creativity is a complex i ssue that might not solely depend on a single thing such as clean or a messy desk. It can be more about your personality and your ability to adjust to your surroundings rather than something that’s boosted by either clarity or distraction.FINAL THOUGHTS The environment you work in can have a big impact on your productivity and creativity. The bearing has been the centre of studies and as a result, organizations are paying more attention to the way office spaces are created and kept. © pixabay | theglassdeskOne of the popular policies in the field is the clean-desk policy. We’ll explain what the policy is and look at the benefits it can have for productivity and creativity. We’ll also explore the counter-arguments and consider whether your personality is a bigger factor in whether you’d benefit from a clean desk.CLEAN-DESK POLICY IN A NUTSHELLBefore we start exploring the benefits of a clean-desk policy, it’s a good idea to remind ourselves what the policy is all about.A clean-desk policy (CDP) refers to a set of corporate rules determining how employees should leave their working space after the workday is over. The policy requirements generally call for the employee to clear the desk and surrounding area at the end of the day from clutter and papers.This can mean shredding unwanted documents or filing them away from view, placing folders back on the cabinets and organizing any incoming and outgoing letters to appropriate piles.While a clean-desk policy is often used for creating a tidier workspace and a visually more pleasing view, CDPs are increasingly connected to data security as well. By ensuring all files are placed in folders and sensitive information is not in view, organizations can control the people who see the information and make it harder for it to be stolen. Modern CDPs are often motivated by specific security compliance regulations, such as the Data Protection Act in the UK.Although the policy and its implementation are specific to the organization, certain common elements can be found in a CDP. The three core elements are:Instructions on how the desk and its surrounding area should be left.Outlined information on who enforces the policy and who checks the policy is being adhered to.Guidance on the punishment, which generally ranges from a fine to a warning.When an organization decides to implement the policy, it creates a contract with clear instructions regarding the above points. Each employee then signs the con tract. This ensures accountability and guarantees everyone understands the policy.I found this new office design and desk setup of Justin Tse very neat and beautiful. You can find CDP templates online. For instance, check out the below document template, which can be downloaded from the Privacy Sense website.It’s important to note that while the majority of the responsibility falls on the shoulders of the employee, the employer has to ensure it makes implementation easy. This could range from guaranteeing access to a shredder and providing adequate storage space for the employees.Clean-desk policies come with a range of benefits and in this guide, we’ll be carefully examining its impact on productivity and creativity. But the policy can also benefit an organization through reductions in costs, enhanced security and compliance. It also helps the office to become a paperless office, which can benefit the green credentials of the organization.BENEFITS TO PRODUCTIVITY AND CREATIVITY Does a clean-desk policy improve productivity and creativity in an organization? If so, how can it do this?#1 Boost to productivityThe benefits to productivity are often cited as the major factor behind the implementation of a clean-desk policy. A good CDP can support employee productivity in a number of different ways.Digitalization of the workplaceFirst, as mentioned above, clean-desk policies can push the organization towards greater digitalization and a paperless office environment. This can benefit employee productivity because it improves efficiency.When data is stored digitally, it means it’s properly indexed in terms of keywords and content. When the employee needs to find information relating to a specific topic, it’s much easier to just use appropriate keywords and find all relevant documents at once. You can generally access vast amounts of information within a few seconds and you don’t need to leave the desk.On the other hand, if you have everything stored in a pap er format, the search process itself becomes a task. The files might be stored elsewhere, which means the employee has to leave the desk and walk to the storage room. Indexing documents is another laborious and difficult thing, meaning the employee will likely waste much more of their time finding exactly what they need.Depending on the files and the organizations security policies, digitalized data can be accessed outside of the office as well. In these instances, allowing the employee to occasionally work from home might further enhance productivity. On the other hand, having employees take paper files home can breach security rules.While digitalization of data and paperless office are not requirements of a CDP, they are generally tied closely to the policy implementation and therefore, the benefits are shared.See how clean the working environment is at Buffer.[slideshare id=40941030doc=workspacesofbuffer2-141030175954-conversion-gate01w=710h=400]Communal workspacesAnother consequ ence of a CDP is the creation of “hot-deskingâ€. This is the practice of having no designated workspaces or desks, but instead employees use communal computers and desks. It’s a popular policy, which is thought to reduce company’s costs by around 30%.Hot-desking can boost productivity, because it makes completing work easier. Instead of having to wait until you get to your workplace, you can finish a specific task from anywhere in the office whenever you have an idea.It can also decrease procrastination, as you will take the specific desk when you have work to do, not wanting to sit there doing nothing. It can be more motivational, as other employees hard at work surround you and provide you with that extra boost.Reduced stress and time wastingFinally, a clean-desk police can boost productivity by reducing stress and time wasting. Research has indicated a correlation between productivity and clutter. By reducing clutter with the DCP, you can drive up productivity.First, clutt er can increase stress levels. If you constantly have to look for items, you can become more stressed. If those important papers are evading you, then your heart rate can increase. This in turn has been shown to reduce your concentration and it can further damage your ability to think clearly.The National Association of Professional Organisations found executives to lose one hour of productivity a day due to missing information. If you consider that people across the organization suffer from similar issues, the loss in productivity can have damaging consequences for the organization.Furthermore, clutter increases time wasting, which naturally decreases productivity. In the study by the National Association of Professional Organisations, the researchers found that an average employee wastes 4.3 hours every week looking for items. When the desk is full of papers and files, finding the right document becomes that much harder.The time wasting can mean you aren’t able to perform tasks on time and instead of serving customers, you are just ploughing through paperwork. The drop in your ability to perform your work correctly and efficiently can be detrimental for the company’s sales figures or profits in general.#2 Boost to creativityA clean-desk policy can also enhance your creativity levels in a number of ways.Increase collaborationAs mentioned above, a CDP often comes together with hot-desking. When employees are hot-desking, they also tend to collaborate more. This is down to not having assigned workspaces and thus you won’t be drawn to just stay at your desk all day long. Instead, you are likely to walk around more and communicate with different people.See why open innovation and collaboration are so important for businesses today. Improved focus on the taskStudies have shown how solving difficult tasks gets easier when you have a clean-desk in front of you. This is driven by the fact that you are better able to concentrate on the issue at hand when the sur roundings aren’t cluttered.A cluttered desk can also make the mind seem “more cluttered†and thus make problem solving difficult. If you are sitting at a desk, which is cluttered, your mind will find it harder to focus on a single issue, as you are visually bombarded with different cues. When you have a clean desk, your mind is clearer and more focused on solving the task in front of you.In one particular study, researchers asked participants to solve a puzzle in a cluttered and a clean environment. The people solving it in a cleaner environment were able to get the job done quicker. For the scientist this indicated that the messy environment “threatened participants’ sense of personal controlâ€. The scientists went on to say, “Coping with that threat from the physical environment caused a depletion of their mental resources.â€More time for creativityYou can also boost creativity with a CDP because you are able to spend more time in thinking about creative solutions ra ther than finding the required documentation. As mentioned above, a cluttered table can mean you spend more of your time searching for the right files, instead of working.When you free up this time by having digitalized data storage and a clean-desk, you’ll be able to use the ‘extra’ time on being creative.COUNTER ARGUMENTS AGAINST A CLEAN-DESK POLICYBut not everyone is convinced about the benefits of implementing a clean-desk policy in terms of its impact on productivity and creativity. More specifically, research suggests a messy desk might provide certain advantages for creative behavior. The counter arguments on productivity, on the other hand, are less clear.Perhaps one of the most quoted sentences in favor of a messy desk came from Albert Einstein. Einstein said, “If a cluttered desk is a sign of a cluttered mind, of what, then, is an empty desk?â€Opponents of the CDP got some more fuel for their fire in a landmark study in 2013. According to the scientist, people who were sitting next to a cluttered, messy desk were more innovative and creative. The task the scientist set them involved a Ping-Pong ball and the participants were tested in a tidy environment and a messy environment, with the aim of coming up as many uses for the ball as possible.According to the study, a clean desk can drive people to be more conservative and safe in their approach. When you are surrounded by such a sterile and organized environment, you aren’t as imaginative and experimental â€" you stick to what you know.“Disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition, which can produce fresh insights,†Kathleen Vohs, psychological scientist and the author of the study, concluded.Furthermore, in another study, scientists found an association with messiness and creativeness in babies. Babies, who were able to make more mess, were also learning faster. The argument of the study was that the baby’s ability to test and see what happens (i.e. creating mes s), helped them to make more sense of surroundingsA clean desk policy can therefore be less efficient in fostering creativity, as people are less likely to take risks in thinking or try new ideas.Whilst clean-desk policy doesn’t require hot-desking, the two are often implemented together. Furthermore, a CDP often limits the employee’s capacity to personalize the workspace, as plants and photos are not considered necessary.But the loss of the personalized workspace has been critiqued by studies. A study by psychological scientists Gregory A Laurence, Yitzhak Fried and Linda H. Slowik found that the lack of privacy can cause more stress and this could distract the employee from the task.The researchers concluded “individuals may consciously or subconsciously take comfort from the items with which they surround themselves at work, and these items may help employees to maintain emotional energy in the face of the stresses that come from their workâ€.A CLEAR OR A MESSY DESK â€" WH ICH IS BETTER?Nonetheless, while a messy desk might not be as detrimental as previously thought, especially in terms of innovation and creativity, it doesn’t mean you should go and mess up your table. The overall benefits of a clean desk can trump the small boost in innovation.The studies above have shown a messy desk can increase stress levels and have other detrimental consequences for an organization, including things such as data loss or theft. The boost in productivity from a clean-desk policy is unrivalled and it can benefit an employee’s ability to do tasks.In addition, a messy desk isn’t the only way you could boost creativity. Research has identified plenty of other ways innovation and imagination can be enhanced. These include:Colors have the ability to boost mood and improve creativity. You could use this knowledge when designing the office furniture and décor.The ability to collaborate with others can help make innovation easier. Communal workspaces are important and team-building activities across the organization can boost mood.The ability to ‘change the scene’ has been shown to improve creativity. If employees are able to spend time away outside of the office environment, they can be more creative. You should encourage lunch breaks outdoors, for example, and even consider flexible office hours that allow employees to occasionally work from home or even a nearby coffee shop!The below clip by Entrepreneur is a great way to learn more about how different elements in an office can spark creativity. Furthermore, the rewards of a messy desk can depend highly on the employee’s personality. Functionalife website introduced Core Motivator groups, which can decide whether a messy desk would turn you into an Albert Einstein or not. According to the idea, Core Motivator groups divide people to:Task or people drivenReserved or outgoingIf you are task driven and outgoing, you are more likely to benefit from a messy desk. This is because the mess doesn’t affect your ability to focus on tasks, and your outgoing nature means you aren’t held back by the mess, but can move forward despite it.More importantly, the site suggests, “a messy desk won’t trigger creativeness, a messy desk is a byproduct of someone who could be considered creativeâ€.Therefore, creativity is a complex issue that might not solely depend on a single thing such as clean or a messy desk. It can be more about your personality and your ability to adjust to your surroundings rather than something that’s boosted by either clarity or distraction.FINAL THOUGHTSA clean-desk policy has become a popular directive to implement. Big organizations are using it and the benefits range from cost effectiveness to improvement in creativity. While the benefits to productivity are almost unparalleled, the positive impact on creativity tends to be a bit more complicated. It’s not to say that a clean-desk policy wouldn’t improve creativity, but that certain indivi duals might also find a less controlled workspace more beneficial in terms of innovation.It is therefore a good idea to consider carefully the way your organization might implement a CDP. You definitely should talk about the benefits and disadvantages, together with the workforce and perhaps consider implementing the policy a bit by bit.Overall, if your organization wants to improve profits and safety, then a clean-desk policy is likely the answer to your calls. It will help boost productivity, but ensure you keep an eye on its impact on the creative geniuses of your organization.Image credit: pixabay | theglassdesk under CC0 Public Domain.
Monday, June 22, 2020
Philosophy Health Nursing
A philosophy is a statement of belief about something. Humans, their health, and the environment in which they live and function are phenomena of particular interest to nursing. Learning to reflect critically on ones practice requires considerable effort. It is also essential to being an excellent practitioner. Being able to think about and to explain your beliefs about the basic concepts of your practice provides the framework for your practice. Do remember that what you write today is not written in stone. As you learn new information and expand your professional practice your thoughts and beliefs about these phenomena may very well change. View this assignment as an opportunity to articulate your thoughts about these four concepts. My Belief is Good pain control and community health services help rebuild a person after surgery You need to include the following items: 1. An introduction to the paper that includes a brief overview of the paradigm. 2. A statement and explanation of your beliefs in relation to each of the four concepts included in the paradigm of nursing (humans, health, nursing, environment). While there is no minimum requirement for the length of each `statement and explanation,` many fall into the range of three (3) to five (5) paragraphs for each component of the paradigm. Some questions you may want to ask and answer for yourself are: What is the essence of human? What is health? Illness? Wellness? How are they related? What is the reason for nursings existence? How do I facilitate a clients movement toward health? These are just suggestions. You are NOT required to respond to the questions listed in this paragraph. As you consider your explanation of how you have reached this belief, i.e. `This I believe about . . . because. . .`, you may want to review some of the information from previous NRSE 300 modules. The Paradigm Online Writing Assistant has guidelines about writing a Thesis/Support Essay. This can help you in the construction of the paper. You need to document your explanation with material from the textbook, from the videos, from your practice, and from at least two sources that are not listed in your class materials. 3. Choose one of the nurse theorists you viewed. Compare your beliefs to those expressed or implied by the Jean Watson. How similar are your beliefs? What differences exist? 4. The final section of the paper is to be a statement of your philosophy of nursing. It may help to go to the Ohio School of Nursing website and read the Philosophy of the School of Nursing. It will give you a sense of one style of writing a philosophy. The philosophy is a distillation of the thinking you did to write your beliefs and explanations. It usually takes the form of one to three sentences about each of the components with linking comments about how they relate to each other to form your personal philosophy of nursing. 5. Paper will be typed. Double-space the body of the paper. Use APA format for headings and references. Make sure that your name is on each page of the paper. Use the running head style as explained in the APA Manual. Proofread the paper. Do NOT rely solely on spell check. It will not tell you when you wrote `of` when you intended to write `or.` There is no specified length for this paper. They usually run between 3 and 6 pages of double-space Introduction Nursing refers to a contact or a bond that exists between two or more persons in which one of the two persons provide professional care to the other in addition to providing advice with an aim of improving the health of the other individual an preventing illness. Philosophy of nursing may refer to beliefs that different individuals have towards nursing. Humans refer to the primates in the family of hominids. They have a brain which is highly expanded enabling them to solve problems through reasoning, control of emotions, use of language and introspection. Humans are always craving to understand the world around them and influence the natural occurrences. Health refers to a state of well being where there is no sickness and reflects the social, physical, spiritual and mental fitness of an individual. Good health may be brought about by a balanced diet, exercise and rest. Nursing refers to a science in which the person involved aims at ensuring a good health for individuals, families and communities. In general, the science of nursing aims at upholding the quality of life. Environment is defined as the extensive information on issues, programs and policies affecting our surrounding. It refers to anything internal or external that may create some impact in the life of an individual including all the living and non living organisms that exist on the earth. Humans A good pain control after surgery when accompanied by appropriate community health services enables an individual to rebuild him or herself. It is however the responsibility of every person to ensure that the nurse or the doctor knows about him or herself before the pain control is administered on him or her. This the patient could do by enabling the doctor to know about his or her drug addiction either the past or present. Surgery of the stomach is a very painful one and the drug history of a person may affect the persons tolerance to the pain or response to the pain relievers. The pain control in patients also depends on the age of the patient as well the conditions of health of the individual before the surgery. Controlling pain after surgery is a very essential step in the life of a patient as it helps the individual to gain the best results on functionality. This is appropriate because the pain after surgery increases the functionality of the patient. Patients who before the surgery were on pain medication do require an administration of extended pain medication. Otherwise the patient may require shorter acting pain medications for the control of pain. Nursing The belief that good pain control and community health services help rebuild a person after surgery relates to nursing in the sense that nurses have been found to be mediums through which terminal care at home can be improved. Pain control is one of the components of quality terminal care in the community. Patients who have undergone surgery should be given enough advice by the nurses on where to get help if necessary. In addition to this they should be given appropriate analgesics to carry home which should be accompanied by sufficient instructions on their usage. Nevertheless, patients should be given both verbal and written information about pain so that and how pain can be reduced. The nursing staff should always be there for patients to advice them and to discuss with them their choice of a pain relieving techniques. The pain that is experienced by patients after surgery is usually very great that it should not be underestimated. This is because the pain does different implications on both the patients and the community health services. A proper pain control after surgery therefore requires the intervention of the nurse which will give way for community health services thus helping the patient to gain his or her health back. Nurses facilitates the process of pain control and ensures that it well managed to speed the process of recovering of a patient. Health The health of a person enables that person to function mentally, spiritually, physically and socially in full ability. The belief that a good pain control and community health service helps an individual to rebuild after a surgery relates to health in the sense that an individual will only have a good health when he or she is not in pain. A person is considered to fully healthy if he or she is not feeling any pain. Surgery involves a lot of pain therefore after a surgery an individual requires pain relief which is achieved through proper pain control by the nurses to enable him or her to function properly both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially. When a person is in pain, he or she will not perform any physical activity in addition the person will not be able to socialize freely with other people. The person will also not think properly thus lacking both mental and spiritual thinking. This is because pain makes a person uncomfortable creating a feeling that something is wrong in the body. The pain in the body i.e. physical pain sends a signal to the brain through the spinal cords that something is wrong thus stopping the mind from working properly. It is therefore essential that after surgery a patient should receive a good pain control and community health service to enable him or her to rebuild his health. Effective pain management is therefore considered by nurses as part of recovery because it when it is well controlled it speeds up the process of healing and reduce complications that a person may experience as a result of surgery. Environment The surroundings in which individuals live do affect the activities performed in that particular environment. Nurses do require an enabling environment to enable them to perform their duties properly. After surgery it will for the well being of the patient to have a conducive environment in which physical, mental, spiritual and social healing is possible. The nature of the environment in which pain control is conducted is very essential and should be set to fit the requirements of different patients. Pain control will enable an individual to feel comfortable as he or she heals, get well faster and avoid some problems associated with surgery. The nurse theorist viewed was Margaret Newman who also came up with a nursing theory of health as an expanding consciousness which requires every person to find the meaning of life and find connections with other people in the rest of the world. According to Margaret, health means increasing awareness. She put forward that the role of a nurse is to identify the lifestyle of an individual so that the nurse can work within that lifestyle to help the individual achieve the goals of his or her life. Newmans theory includes the health of every individual irrespective of the condition of illness i.e. whether sick or well. Jean on the other hand developed a caring theory which involves the caring actions taken by nurses in their interaction with the patients. The caring theory involves the deep respect offered to patients by the nurses for the mysteries of life and the ability of the patients to change their lifestyles. Watsons caring theory also requires a nurse to help the patients to acquire self control, knowledge and healing not regarding their health conditions. The difference that exists between my beliefs on Newmans theory and Watsons caring theory is that Newmans theory was focused on helping every person whether in the absence or presence of sickness to understand his or her status. It focused on the adjustments that a nurse should put to ensure that a person meets his or her requirements. Watson on the other hand focused on caring for the patients, respecting them and helping them to understand themselves by acquiring self control, knowledge and healing. The similarity between the two theories is that both the two believe that it is the role of a nurse to ensure appropriate lifestyles for different persons whether sick or not. They both believe that a nurse should be able to identify or recognize and accurately detect the health status of a person and be able to help that person accordingly. They believe that a nurse must come together and engage in an interaction so that the nurse can understand the unique lifestyle of the person and provide care in a manner that fits that lifestyle. Finally both the beliefs involve human and nursing in the science of nursing in order to provide desired care to persons. The statement of my philosophy of nursing is the belief that Good pain control and community health services help rebuild a person after surgery. Conclusion Surgery is a very painful exercise which usually requires an immediate pain control to stop the patient from suffering. Pain management especially after surgery is therefore very essential for the well being of the patient and nurses should ensure that it is provided to enable the patient to rebuild his or her health. Reference Newman, M. A. (1972). Nursings theoretical evolution. Nursing Outlook, 20(5), 449-453. Newman, M.A. (1979). Theory development in nursing. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Newman, M. A. (1982). Time as an index of expanding consciousness with age. Nursing Research, 31(5), 290-293. Newman, M.A. (1983). Newmans health theory. In I. Clements F. Roberts (Eds.), Family health: A theoretical approach to nursing care (pp. 161-175). New York: John Wiley. Engle, V. F. (1984). Newmans conceptual framework and the measurement of older adults health. Advances in Nursing Science, 7(1), 24-36. Newman, M. A. (1984). Nursing diagnosis: Looking at the whole. American Journal of Nursing, 84(12), 1496-1499. Newman, M.A. (1986). Health as Expanding Consciousness. St. Louis: Mosby. Newman, M. A. (1987). Aging as increasing complexity. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 13(9), 16-18. Newman, M.A. (1990). Newmans theory of health as praxis. Nursing Science Quarterly, 3(1), 37-41 Gustafson, W. (1990). Application of Newmans theory of health: Pattern recognition as nursing practice. In M. E. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories in practice (pp. 141-161). New York: National League for Nursing. Kalb, K. A. (1990). The gift: Applying Newmans theory of health in nursing practice. In M. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories in practice (pp. 163-186). New York: National League for Nursing. Newman, M. A. (1990). Shifting to higher consciousness. In M. E. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories in practice (pp. 129-139). New York: National League for Nursing. Newman, M. A. (1990). Toward an integrative model of professional practice. Journal of Professional Nursing, 6(3), 167-173. Newman, M. A., Lamb, G. S., Michaels, C. (1991). Nurse case management: The coming together of theory and practice. Nursing Health Care, 12(8), 404-408. Newman, M. A., Sime, A. M., Corcoran-Perry, S. A. (1991). The focus of the discipline of nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 14(1), 1-6. Newman, M. A. (1992). Prevailing paradigms in nursing. Nursing Outlook, 40(1), 10-14. Marchione, J. (1993). Margaret Newman: Health as expanding consciousness. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Newman, M. A. (1994). Health expanding consciousness (2nd ed.). New York: National League for Nursing. Newman, M.A. (1994). Theory for nursing practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 7(4), 153-157. Newman, M. A. (1995). A developing discipline: Selected works of Margaret Newman. New York: National League for Nursing. Marchione, J. (1995). Margaret Newman: Health as expanding consciousness. In C. M. McQuiston A. A. Webb ( Eds.), Foundations of nursing theory: Contributions of 12 key theorists (pp. 261-316). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Engle, V. F. (1996). Newmans theory of health. In J. J. Fitzpatrick A. L. Whall (Eds.), Conceptual models of nursing: Analysis and application (3rd ed., pp. 275-288). Stamford, CT: Appleton Lange. Newman, M.A. (1996). Theory of the nurse-client partnership. In E. Cohen (Ed.), Nurse case management in the 21st Century (pp. 119-123). St. Louis: Mosby Year-book. Newman, M. A. (1997). Experiencing the whole. Advances in Nursing Science, 20(1), 34-39. Newman, M. A. (1997). Evolution of the theory of health as expanding consciousness. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(1), 22-25. Yamashita, M., Jensen, E., Tall, F. (1998). Therapeutic touch: Applying Newmans theoretic approach. Nursing Science Quarterly, 11(2) 49-50. Desai, S., Keffer, M. J., Hensley, D. Kilgore-Keever, K. A., Langfitt, J. V. Peterson, L. (1998). Margaret A. Newman: Model of Health. In A. M. Tomey M. R. Alligood (Eds.), Nursing theorists and their work (4th ed., pp. 496-515). St. Louis: Mosby. Newman, M. A. (1999). The rhythm of relating in a paradigm of wholeness. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31(3), 227-230. Pharris, M. D. (2001). Margaret A. Newman: Health as expanding consciousness. In Parker, M. (Ed.), Nursing theories and nursing practice (pp. 263-274). Philadelphia: Davis. Newman, M. A. (2002). Caring in the human health experience. International Journal for Human Caring. 6(2), 8-12. Newman, M. A. (2002). The pattern that connects. Advances in Nursing Science, 24(3), 1-7. Witucki, J. M. (2002). Newmans theory of health as expanding consciousness in nursing practice. In M. R. Alligood A. M. Tomey (Eds.), Nursing theory utilization application (2nd ed., pp. 429-449). St. Louis: Mosby. Newman, M. A. (2003). A world of no boundaries. Advances in Nursing Science, 26(4), 240-245. Endo, E. (2004). Nursing praxis with Margaret Newmans theory of health expanding consciousness. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17(2), 110-115. Health as Expanding Consciousness A website by Margaret Newman. ASSUMPTIONS deal with human life, nursing science, and the process of nursing. Watsons conception of human life is tied to notions that ones soul possesses a body that is not confined by objective space and time. The lived world of the experiencing person is not distinguished by external and internal notions of time and space, but shapes its own time and space, which is unconstrained by linearity. Nursing is a human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic, and ethical human care transactions. The process of nursing is human care. THE THEORY OF HUMAN CARING The main concept of the theory is TRANSPERSONAL HUMAN CARING, which is best understood within the concepts of three ancillary concepts: LIFE, ILLNESS, and HEALTH. HUMAN LIFE is defined as spiritual-mental-physical being-in-the-world, which is continuous in time and space. ILLNESS is not necessarily disease. Illness is subjective turmoil or disharmony with a persons inner self or soul at some level or disharmony within the spheres of the person, either consciously or unconsciously. HEALTH refers to unity and harmony within the mind, body, and soul. TRANSPERSONAL HUMAN CARING and caring transactions are those scientific, professional, ethical, yet esthetic, creative and personalized giving-receiving behaviors and responses between nurse and patient that allow for contact between the subjective world of the experiencing persons through physical, mental, or spiritual routes or some combination thereof. THE GOAL OF NURSING is to help persons gain a higher degree of harmony within the mind, body, and soul which generates self-knowledge, self-reverence, self-healing, and self-care processes while increasing diversity. Nursing interventions or CARATIVE FACTORS are: Humanistic-altruistic system of values Faith-hope Sensitivity to self and others Helping-trusting, human care relationship Expressing positive and negative feelings Creative problem-solving caring process Transpersonal teaching-learning Supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment Human needs assistance Existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces Return to Top This page was last modified on 6/1/02
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)